Relatório mostra que ainda há alta repetência, a taxa de universitários é baixa e o acesso à educação infantil está longe do proposto
Estudo de pesquisadores de universidades federais abrange o período de 2001 a 2008, incluindo dois anos de governo FHC e seis de Lula
ANGELA PINHO
LARISSA GUIMARÃES
DA SUCURSAL DE BRASÍLIA
Enquanto petistas e tucanos fazem alarde dos seus feitos na educação, um dos levantamentos mais abrangentes já realizados sobre a última década revela que os avanços na área foram insuficientes. Apenas 33% das 294 metas do Plano Nacional de Educação, criado por lei em 2001, foram cumpridas.
Relatório obtido pela Folha, feito sob encomenda para o Ministério da Educação, aponta alta repetência, baixa taxa de universitários -apesar dos programas criados nos últimos anos- e acesso à educação infantil longe do proposto.
O estudo, que abrange o período de 2001 a 2008, foi feito por pesquisadores de universidades federais, com apoio do Inep (instituto de pesquisa ligado ao MEC).
O plano foi criado com o objetivo de implantar uma política de Estado para a educação que sobrevivesse às mudanças de governo. As metas presentes nele são de responsabilidade dos três entes federados, mas municípios têm mais atribuição pela educação infantil e fundamental; Estados, pelo ensino médio; e a União, pela articulação de políticas.
O estudo traz indicadores relativos ao período de 2001 a 2008 -dois anos de governo FHC e seis de Lula. Para muitas metas, não há nem sequer indicador que permita o acompanhamento da execução.
Em outros casos, em que há indicadores claros, há um longo caminho pela frente. A educação infantil é um exemplo.
O plano previa que 50% das crianças de 0 a 3 anos estivessem matriculadas em creches até 2010. É o que a faxineira Adriana França dos Reis, 32, desejava para sua filha, que chegou aos quatro anos sem conseguir vaga. "Quanto mais cedo ela entrar na escola, sei que mais longe ela vai chegar", diz. Segundo o IBGE, só 18,1% das crianças de até três anos estavam em creches em 2008.
Já o ensino fundamental foi quase universalizado e aumentou de oito para nove anos.
No ensino médio, o obstáculo é já no atendimento. Na faixa etária considerada adequada para a etapa (15 a 17 anos), 16% estão fora da escola. Na educação superior, o plano estabelecia uma meta de 30% dos jovens na universidade. Em 2008, o índice estava em 13,7%.
O objetivo número um na educação de jovens e adultos, a erradicação do analfabetismo, está longe de ser alcançado. O Brasil ainda tem 14 milhões de pessoas de 15 anos ou mais que não sabem escrever.
Para João Oliveira, professor da UFG (Universidade Federal de Goiás) e um dos responsáveis pela pesquisa, uma das principais causas dos problemas na execução do PNE foi o veto à meta que previa um aumento expressivo nos recursos destinados à educação: 7% do PIB em educação até 2010.
Prevista na proposta aprovada no Congresso, foi vetada por FHC, que terminou seu mandato com um investimento de 4,8%. A decisão do tucano foi duramente criticada por petistas, que, em 2007 (dado mais recente disponível), já no poder, tinham aumentado o percentual apenas para 5,1%.
Sem financiamento, diz Oliveira, o plano acabou perdendo força, pois impôs deveres aos governos sem viabilizar recursos para o cumprimento deles.
[matéria retirada da FOLHA DE SÃO PAULO - COTIDIANO] - 03.03.2010
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